Packet #2901523 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from LZ1AEW (1AEW) to BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)

4
Total Receptions
4
Unique Gateways
0
Hop Count
42
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 2901523
Mesh Packet ID: 0xf5223458
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-04-23 18:57:24 UTC
From Node: LZ1AEW (1AEW)
To Node: BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)
Channel: Bulgaria
RSSI: -73 dBm
SNR: -8.5 dBm
Hop Info: 0/2 hops
Start: 2, Limit: 2
Relay Node: e4 82e4
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 42 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1) → Bin Cho (BCGW)
Hop Count: 1 hops
Status: Forward complete, Return in progress
SNR Towards: 13.0 dB 0.0 dB -8.0 dB
Return Path: The_OWL_Tower (82e4)
SNR Back: -9.5 dB
Route Visualization

Loading route map...

Map shows the geographic path if nodes have shared location data.
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3) BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1) Unknown 13.0 dB Origin Hops
2 BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1) Bin Cho (BCGW) 361.92 km 0.0 dB Relay Hops
3 Bin Cho (BCGW) LZ1AEW (1AEW) 23.39 km -8.0 dB Destination Hops
Return Path Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 LZ1AEW (1AEW) The_OWL_Tower (82e4) 33.77 km -9.5 dB Return Start Hops
Total Forward Distance
385.31 km
Total Return Distance
33.77 km
Combined Traceroute Graph
Controls: Drag nodes to rearrange • Mouse wheel to zoom • Click and drag background to pan • Hover for details

Building graph...

Legend & Paths
Nodes
🔄 Router Node
📡 Gateway Node
🚀 Source Node
🎯 Target Node
Connections
RF Link
Gateway Connection
Direct Reception (0 hops)
Packet Paths
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Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:42 bytes
Gateway:!b2a740c0
Channel:Bulgaria
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:Unknown / 2
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 4 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

FieldValue
gateway_id !b2a740c0
Node ID format
channel_id Bulgaria
packet MeshPacket (42 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

FieldValueType
from 4134128348
Source node ID 		uint32
to 3458669088
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum 70
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 42 bytes size
hop_limit 2
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 2
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 0
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -73.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr -8.50 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1776970643
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel Not set uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 228
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp 1776970644.5016372
Unix timestamp 		uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Custom channel: Bulgaria
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
  • ✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !b2a740c0
Zero Hop Policy: Enabled
Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -73.0 dBm
SNR: -8.50 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:42 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 2997320592, 3562708244 ], "snr_towards": [ 13.0, 0.0, -8.0 ], "route_back": [ 3429073636 ], "snr_back": [ -9.5 ], "route_node_names": { "3458669088": "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)", "3429073636": "The_OWL_Tower (82e4)", "2997320592": "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "3562708244": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "4134128348": "LZ1AEW (1AEW)" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 2901523, "timestamp": 1776970644.5016372, "from_node_id": 4134128348, "to_node_id": 3458669088, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!b2a740c0", "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "mesh_packet_id": 4112659544, "rssi": -73, "snr": -8.5, "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 2, "payload_length": 42, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a08907ba7b2149d5ad4120c3400e0ffffffffffffffff011a04e48263cc220adaffffffffffffffff01", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1776970643, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 228, "tx_after": 0, "timestamp_str": "2026-04-23 18:57:24 UTC", "hop_count": 0, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "LZ1AEW (1AEW)", "to_node_name": "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)", "relay_hex": "e4", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 3429073636, "node_name": "The_OWL_Tower", "hex_id": "!cc6382e4", "short_name": "82e4", "last_byte": "e4" } ], "gateway_name": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "gateway_location": { "node_id": 2997305536, "latitude": 42.702848, "longitude": 23.3623552, "altitude": 589, "timestamp": 1778600151.0887713, "timestamp_str": "2026-05-12 15:35:51", "display_name": "Gerena (R+GW)", "long_name": "Gerena (R+GW)", "short_name": "GERE", "hw_model": "HELTEC_V4" } }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 2901523, "from_node_id": 4134128348, "to_node_id": 3458669088, "timestamp": 1776970644.5016372, "gateway_id": "!b2a740c0", "raw_payload": "0a08907ba7b2149d5ad4120c3400e0ffffffffffffffff011a04e48263cc220adaffffffffffffffff01", "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 2, "from_node_name": "LZ1AEW (1AEW)", "to_node_name": "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 2997320592, 3562708244 ], "snr_towards": [ 13.0, 0.0, -8.0 ], "route_back": [ 3429073636 ], "snr_back": [ -9.5 ] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward_with_return", "node_ids": [ 3458669088, 2997320592, 3562708244, 4134128348 ], "node_names": [ "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)", "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "LZ1AEW (1AEW)" ], "snr_values": [ 13.0, 0.0, -8.0 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3458669088, "to_node_id": 2997320592, "from_node_name": "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)", "to_node_name": "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "snr": 13.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2997320592, "to_node_id": 3562708244, "from_node_name": "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "to_node_name": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 361922.51539456553, "from_location_timestamp": 1776085095.407971, "to_location_timestamp": 1776927055.0887468, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.5w ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 12.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 3562708244, "to_node_id": 4134128348, "from_node_name": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "to_node_name": "LZ1AEW (1AEW)", "snr": -8.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 23388.143870649274, "from_location_timestamp": 1776927055.0887468, "to_location_timestamp": 1776279956.5471694, "from_location_age_warning": "from 12.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.1w ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 3 }, "return_path": { "path_type": "return", "node_ids": [ 4134128348, 3429073636 ], "node_names": [ "LZ1AEW (1AEW)", "The_OWL_Tower (82e4)" ], "snr_values": [ -9.5 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 4134128348, "to_node_id": 3429073636, "from_node_name": "LZ1AEW (1AEW)", "to_node_name": "The_OWL_Tower (82e4)", "snr": -9.5, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 33774.956121486066, "from_location_timestamp": 1776279956.5471694, "to_location_timestamp": 1776384847.4252782, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.1w ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 6.8d ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 1 }, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "combined_rf", "node_ids": [ 3458669088, 2997320592, 3562708244, 4134128348, 3429073636 ], "node_names": [ "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)", "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "LZ1AEW (1AEW)", "The_OWL_Tower (82e4)" ], "snr_values": [ 13.0, 0.0, -8.0, -9.5 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3458669088, "to_node_id": 2997320592, "from_node_name": "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)", "to_node_name": "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "snr": 13.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2997320592, "to_node_id": 3562708244, "from_node_name": "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "to_node_name": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 361922.51539456553, "from_location_timestamp": 1776085095.407971, "to_location_timestamp": 1776927055.0887468, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.5w ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 12.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 3562708244, "to_node_id": 4134128348, "from_node_name": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "to_node_name": "LZ1AEW (1AEW)", "snr": -8.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 23388.143870649274, "from_location_timestamp": 1776927055.0887468, "to_location_timestamp": 1776279956.5471694, "from_location_age_warning": "from 12.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.1w ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 4134128348, "to_node_id": 3429073636, "from_node_name": "LZ1AEW (1AEW)", "to_node_name": "The_OWL_Tower (82e4)", "snr": -9.5, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 33774.956121486066, "from_location_timestamp": 1776279956.5471694, "to_location_timestamp": 1776384847.4252782, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.1w ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 6.8d ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 4 } }, "has_return_path": true, "is_complete": true, "forward_path_display": "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3) → BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1) → Bin Cho (BCGW) → LZ1AEW (1AEW)", "return_path_display": "LZ1AEW (1AEW) → The_OWL_Tower (82e4)", "actual_rf_path_display": "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3) → BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1) → Bin Cho (BCGW) → LZ1AEW (1AEW) → The_OWL_Tower (82e4)", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3458669088, "to_node_id": 2997320592, "from_node_name": "BRC18 Т1КЕ 🇧🇬📡 (BRN3)", "to_node_name": "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "snr": 13.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2997320592, "to_node_id": 3562708244, "from_node_name": "BRC81 V4 GW 🇧🇬 (BRG1)", "to_node_name": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 361922.51539456553, "from_location_timestamp": 1776085095.407971, "to_location_timestamp": 1776927055.0887468, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.5w ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 12.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 3562708244, "to_node_id": 4134128348, "from_node_name": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "to_node_name": "LZ1AEW (1AEW)", "snr": -8.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 23388.143870649274, "from_location_timestamp": 1776927055.0887468, "to_location_timestamp": 1776279956.5471694, "from_location_age_warning": "from 12.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.1w ago" } ], "return_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 4134128348, "to_node_id": 3429073636, "from_node_name": "LZ1AEW (1AEW)", "to_node_name": "The_OWL_Tower (82e4)", "snr": -9.5, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 33774.956121486066, "from_location_timestamp": 1776279956.5471694, "to_location_timestamp": 1776384847.4252782, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.1w ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 6.8d ago" } ], "total_forward_distance": 385310.6592652148, "total_return_distance": 33774.956121486066 }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!b2a740c0", "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 4134128348, "to": 3458669088, "id": 4112659544, "rx_time": 1776970643, "rx_snr": -8.5, "rx_rssi": -73, "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 2, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 228, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 70, "payload": "0a08907ba7b2149d5ad4120c3400e0ffffffffffffffff011a04e48263cc220adaffffffffffffffff01", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 2997320592, 3562708244 ], "snr_towards": [ 52, 0, -32 ], "route_back": [ 3429073636 ], "snr_back": [ -38 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } } } }
Raw Packet Data (42 bytes)
0a08907ba7b2149d5ad4120c3400e0ffffffffffffffff011a04e48263cc220adaffffffffffffffff01
Hex Analysis:
Size:42 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
Gerena (R+GW) (GERE) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-73.0 dBm -8.50 dB 0 e4 82e4 Bulgaria 2026-04-23 18:57:24 UTC Current
Bin Cho (BCGW) -0.030s
Before 		-97.0 dBm -3.25 dB 0 e4 82e4 Bulgaria 2026-04-23 18:57:24 UTC View
TheGoldTower (Gold) +0.009s
After 		-85.0 dBm -1.25 dB 0 e4 82e4 Bulgaria 2026-04-23 18:57:24 UTC View
LZ3WWW-MD-SF (🦄) +1.268s
After 		-114.0 dBm -7.00 dB 2 f8 Bulgaria 2026-04-23 18:57:25 UTC View
4

Total Receptions

4

Unique Gateways