Packet #3247298 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from Miro 5 LZ3MVM (MIR5) to LZ1VIL (vilk)

11
Total Receptions
10
Unique Gateways
2
Hop Count
28
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 3247298
Mesh Packet ID: 0x4930327e
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-05-11 18:39:28 UTC
From Node: Miro 5 LZ3MVM (MIR5)
To Node: LZ1VIL (vilk)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: Bin Cho (BCGW)
Channel: Bulgaria
RSSI: -111 dBm
SNR: -7.25 dBm
Hop Info: 2/2 hops
Start: 2, Limit: 0
Relay Node: c0 100i , GERE
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 28 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)
Hop Count: 2 hops
Status: Incomplete - Final destination not reached
SNR Towards: 1.75 dB -2.0 dB 8.25 dB
Route Visualization

Loading route map...

Map shows the geographic path if nodes have shared location data.
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 Miro 5 LZ3MVM (MIR5) GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) 933 m 1.75 dB Origin Hops
2 GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) Vitoshko Rele (VRR) 12.39 km -2.0 dB Relay Hops
3 Vitoshko Rele (VRR) Gerena (R+GW) (GERE) 12.60 km 8.25 dB Relay Hops
Traceroute incomplete - Final destination not reached
Total Forward Distance
25.93 km
Combined Traceroute Graph
Controls: Drag nodes to rearrange • Mouse wheel to zoom • Click and drag background to pan • Hover for details

Building graph...

Legend & Paths
Nodes
🔄 Router Node
📡 Gateway Node
🚀 Source Node
🎯 Target Node
Connections
RF Link
Gateway Connection
Direct Reception (0 hops)
Packet Paths
Loading paths...
Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:28 bytes
Gateway:!d45a9d14
Channel:Bulgaria
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:2 / 2
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 3 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ Multi-hop path visible (2 hops)
+ 1 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

FieldValue
gateway_id !d45a9d14
Node ID format
channel_id Bulgaria
packet MeshPacket (28 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

FieldValueType
from 4044011135
Source node ID 		uint32
to 2660935924
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum 70
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 28 bytes size
hop_limit Not set uint32
hop_start 2
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 2
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -111.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr -7.25 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1778524768
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel Not set uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 192
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp 1778524768.862467
Unix timestamp 		uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Custom channel: Bulgaria
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ Multi-hop path visible (2 hops)
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !d45a9d14
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -111.0 dBm
SNR: -7.25 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:28 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 2661322504, 2996805976, 2997305536 ], "snr_towards": [ 1.75, -2.0, 8.25 ], "route_back": [], "snr_back": [], "route_node_names": { "2997305536": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "2661322504": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "2660935924": "LZ1VIL (vilk)", "2996805976": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "4044011135": "Miro 5 LZ3MVM (MIR5)" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 3247298, "timestamp": 1778524768.862467, "from_node_id": 4044011135, "to_node_id": 2660935924, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!d45a9d14", "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "mesh_packet_id": 1227895422, "rssi": -111, "snr": -7.25, "hop_limit": 0, "hop_start": 2, "payload_length": 28, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a0c088fa09e58a19fb2c040a7b2120c07f8ffffffffffffffff0121", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1778524768, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 192, "tx_after": 0, "timestamp_str": "2026-05-11 18:39:28 UTC", "hop_count": 2, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "Miro 5 LZ3MVM (MIR5)", "to_node_name": "LZ1VIL (vilk)", "relay_hex": "c0", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 505480896, "node_name": "100io", "hex_id": "!1e2106c0", "short_name": "100i", "last_byte": "c0" }, { "node_id": 2997305536, "node_name": "Gerena (R+GW)", "hex_id": "!b2a740c0", "short_name": "GERE", "last_byte": "c0" } ], "gateway_name": "Bin Cho (BCGW)", "gateway_location": { "node_id": 3562708244, "latitude": 42.6102784, "longitude": 23.3312256, "altitude": 900, "timestamp": 1778559933.1455767, "timestamp_str": "2026-05-12 04:25:33", "display_name": "Bin Cho", "long_name": "Bin Cho", "short_name": "BCGW", "hw_model": "SEEED_XIAO_S3" } }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 3247298, "from_node_id": 4044011135, "to_node_id": 2660935924, "timestamp": 1778524768.862467, "gateway_id": "!d45a9d14", "raw_payload": "0a0c088fa09e58a19fb2c040a7b2120c07f8ffffffffffffffff0121", "hop_limit": 0, "hop_start": 2, "from_node_name": "Miro 5 LZ3MVM (MIR5)", "to_node_name": "!9e9aa8f4", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 2661322504, 2996805976, 2997305536 ], "snr_towards": [ 1.75, -2.0, 8.25 ], "route_back": [], "snr_back": [] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward", "node_ids": [ 4044011135, 2661322504, 2996805976, 2997305536 ], "node_names": [ "Miro 5 LZ3MVM (MIR5)", "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)" ], "snr_values": [ 1.75, -2.0, 8.25 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 4044011135, "to_node_id": 2661322504, "from_node_name": "Miro 5 LZ3MVM (MIR5)", "to_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "snr": 1.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 933.4670298827843, "from_location_timestamp": 1778523977.0059304, "to_location_timestamp": 1778396073.7176945, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.2h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.5d ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2661322504, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": -2.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12394.40260383593, "from_location_timestamp": 1778396073.7176945, "to_location_timestamp": 1778449744.5227432, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.5d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 20.8h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 2997305536, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "snr": 8.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12597.635762800475, "from_location_timestamp": 1778449744.5227432, "to_location_timestamp": 1778518834.0073936, "from_location_age_warning": "from 20.8h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.6h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 3 }, "return_path": null, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "forward_rf", "node_ids": [ 4044011135, 2661322504, 2996805976, 2997305536 ], "node_names": [ "Miro 5 LZ3MVM (MIR5)", "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)" ], "snr_values": [ 1.75, -2.0, 8.25 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 4044011135, "to_node_id": 2661322504, "from_node_name": "Miro 5 LZ3MVM (MIR5)", "to_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "snr": 1.75, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 933.4670298827843, "from_location_timestamp": 1778523977.0059304, "to_location_timestamp": 1778396073.7176945, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.2h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.5d ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2661322504, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": -2.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12394.40260383593, "from_location_timestamp": 1778396073.7176945, "to_location_timestamp": 1778449744.5227432, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.5d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 20.8h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 2997305536, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "snr": 8.25, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12597.635762800475, "from_location_timestamp": 1778449744.5227432, "to_location_timestamp": 1778518834.0073936, "from_location_age_warning": "from 20.8h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.6h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 3 } }, "has_return_path": false, "is_complete": false, "forward_path_display": "Miro 5 LZ3MVM (MIR5) → GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "return_path_display": null, "actual_rf_path_display": "Miro 5 LZ3MVM (MIR5) → GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 4044011135, "to_node_id": 2661322504, "from_node_name": "Miro 5 LZ3MVM (MIR5)", "to_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "snr": 1.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 933.4670298827843, "from_location_timestamp": 1778523977.0059304, "to_location_timestamp": 1778396073.7176945, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.2h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.5d ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2661322504, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": -2.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12394.40260383593, "from_location_timestamp": 1778396073.7176945, "to_location_timestamp": 1778449744.5227432, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.5d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 20.8h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 2997305536, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "snr": 8.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12597.635762800475, "from_location_timestamp": 1778449744.5227432, "to_location_timestamp": 1778518834.0073936, "from_location_age_warning": "from 20.8h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.6h ago" } ], "return_hops": [], "total_forward_distance": 25925.50539651919, "total_return_distance": null }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!d45a9d14", "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 4044011135, "to": 2660935924, "id": 1227895422, "rx_time": 1778524768, "rx_snr": -7.25, "rx_rssi": -111, "hop_limit": 0, "hop_start": 2, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 192, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 70, "payload": "0a0c088fa09e58a19fb2c040a7b2120c07f8ffffffffffffffff0121", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 2661322504, 2996805976, 2997305536 ], "snr_towards": [ 7, -8, 33 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } } } }
Raw Packet Data (28 bytes)
0a0c088fa09e58a19fb2c040a7b2120c07f8ffffffffffffffff0121
Hex Analysis:
Size:28 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
Bin Cho (BCGW) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-111.0 dBm -7.25 dB 2 c0 100i , GERE Bulgaria 2026-05-11 18:39:28 UTC Current
TheGoldTower (Gold) -0.292s
Before 		-86.0 dBm 5.00 dB 0 08 SFGN Bulgaria 2026-05-11 18:39:28 UTC View
Vitoshko Rele (VRR) -0.262s
Before 		-77.0 dBm -2.00 dB 0 08 SFGN Bulgaria 2026-05-11 18:39:28 UTC View
BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO) -0.132s
Before 		-67.0 dBm -4.25 dB 1 58 VRR Bulgaria 2026-05-11 18:39:28 UTC View
GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) -0.112s
Before 		-99.0 dBm 1.75 dB 0 7f MIR5 Bulgaria 2026-05-11 18:39:28 UTC View
BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) -0.101s
Before 		-62.0 dBm 11.75 dB 1 58 VRR Bulgaria 2026-05-11 18:39:28 UTC View
Gerena (R+GW) (GERE) -0.091s
Before 		-71.0 dBm 8.25 dB 1 58 VRR Bulgaria 2026-05-11 18:39:28 UTC View
GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) -0.055s
Before 		-99.0 dBm 1.75 dB 0 7f MIR5 Bulgaria 2026-05-11 18:39:28 UTC View
LZ3WWW-MD-SF (🦄) +0.156s
After 		-113.0 dBm 5.50 dB 1 58 VRR Bulgaria 2026-05-11 18:39:29 UTC View
OmegaBG (OGBG) +0.188s
After 		-96.0 dBm -4.75 dB 1 58 VRR Bulgaria 2026-05-11 18:39:29 UTC View
LZ5ZX (SEC) +0.381s
After 		-113.0 dBm -3.75 dB 1 58 VRR Bulgaria 2026-05-11 18:39:29 UTC View
11

Total Receptions

10

Unique Gateways