Packet #2639230

Database ID:	2639230
Mesh Packet ID:	`0xbd21d7a7` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2026-04-04 11:11:57 UTC
From Node:	Meshtastic a4f0 (a4f0)
To Node:	Vratsa HV4-2 🇧🇬 ba48 (VRH4)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	NODEINFO_APP Port: 4

Gateway:	Bin Cho (BCGW)
Channel:	Bulgaria
RSSI:	-104 dBm
SNR:	-3.0 dBm
Hop Info:	0/2 hops Start: 2, Limit: 2
Relay Node:	`a4` 🦄 Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Long Name:	Meshtastic a4f0
Short Name:	a4f0
Node ID:	!0432a4f0
MAC Address:	rKcEMqTw
Hardware:	HELTEC_V3

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	80 bytes
Gateway:	!d45a9d14
Channel:	Bulgaria
Payload Type:	NODEINFO_APP
Hop Count:	Unknown / 2

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Direct Message

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Targeted to specific node
+ 3 more...

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!d45a9d14` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`Bulgaria`
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (80 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`70427888` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`1770175048` Target node ID	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`4` NODEINFO_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`80` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`2` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`2` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`0` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-104.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`-3.00` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`1775301116` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	Not set	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`164` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	`1775301117.0828013` Unix timestamp	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Targeted to specific node
✓ Custom channel: Bulgaria
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!d45a9d14`
Zero Hop Policy:	Enabled Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -104.0 dBm SNR: -3.00 dB

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	NODEINFO_APP
Size:	80 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "id": "!0432a4f0", "long_name": "Meshtastic a4f0", "short_name": "a4f0", "macaddr": "rKcEMqTw", "hw_model": "HELTEC_V3" }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!d45a9d14", "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 70427888, "to": 1770175048, "id": 3173111719, "rx_time": 1775301116, "rx_snr": -3.0, "rx_rssi": -104, "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 2, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 164, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 4, "payload": "0a09213034333261346630120f4d65736874617374696320613466301a04613466302206aca70432a4f0282b4220852873a1b495cce48132eff0e91a2c6554598b54c3e7df061f9a9981f591e71a4800", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "id": "!0432a4f0", "long_name": "Meshtastic a4f0", "short_name": "a4f0", "macaddr": "rKcEMqTw", "hw_model": "HELTEC_V3", "public_key": "hShzobSVzOSBMu/w6RosZVRZi1TD598GH5qZgfWR5xo=", "is_unmessagable": false, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "NODEINFO_APP", "message_class": "User" } } } }

Raw Packet Data (80 bytes)

0a09213034333261346630120f4d65736874617374696320613466301a04613466302206aca70432a4f0282b4220852873a1b495cce48132eff0e91a2c6554598b54c3e7df061f9a9981f591e71a4800

Hex Analysis:

Size:	80 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

Packet #2639230 Success

Packet Information

Payload Data

Decoded Data: