Packet #2409625 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64) to BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO)

2
Total Receptions
2
Unique Gateways
1
Hop Count
33
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 2409625
Mesh Packet ID: 0x9c24ecc1
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-03-18 11:37:24 UTC
From Node: HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64)
To Node: BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)
Channel: Bulgaria
RSSI: -94 dBm
SNR: -1.0 dBm
Hop Info: 1/2 hops
Start: 2, Limit: 1
Relay Node: e4 82e4
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 33 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: Vitoshko Rele (VRR)
Hop Count: 0 hops
Status: Forward incomplete, Return in progress
SNR Towards: 0.0 dB 6.25 dB
Return Path: HobbyIoT #298C (H2S0) → The_OWL_Tower (82e4)
SNR Back: 8.75 dB -7.75 dB
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO) Vitoshko Rele (VRR) Unknown 0.0 dB Origin Hops
2 Vitoshko Rele (VRR) HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64) Unknown 6.25 dB Relay Hops
Traceroute incomplete - Final destination not reached
Return Path Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64) HobbyIoT #298C (H2S0) Unknown 8.75 dB Return Start Hops
2 HobbyIoT #298C (H2S0) The_OWL_Tower (82e4) 10.98 km -7.75 dB Return End Hops
Total Return Distance
10.98 km
Combined Traceroute Graph
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Legend & Paths
Nodes
🔄 Router Node
📡 Gateway Node
🚀 Source Node
🎯 Target Node
Connections
RF Link
Gateway Connection
Direct Reception (0 hops)
Packet Paths
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Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:33 bytes
Gateway:!b2a73028
Channel:Bulgaria
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:1 / 2
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 3 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ Multi-hop path visible (1 hops)
+ 1 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

FieldValue
gateway_id !b2a73028
Node ID format
channel_id Bulgaria
packet MeshPacket (33 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

FieldValueType
from 3127541604
Source node ID 		uint32
to 2997308472
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum 70
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 33 bytes size
hop_limit 1
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 2
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 1
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -94.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr -1.00 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1773833843
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel Not set uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 228
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp 1773833844.4381697
Unix timestamp 		uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Custom channel: Bulgaria
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ Multi-hop path visible (1 hops)
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !b2a73028
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -94.0 dBm
SNR: -1.00 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:33 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 2996805976 ], "snr_towards": [ 0.0, 6.25 ], "route_back": [ 3088984460, 3429073636 ], "snr_back": [ 8.75, -7.75 ], "route_node_names": { "3429073636": "The_OWL_Tower (82e4)", "3127541604": "HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64)", "3088984460": "HobbyIoT #298C (H2S0)", "2996805976": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "2997308472": "BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO)" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 2409625, "timestamp": 1773833844.4381697, "from_node_id": 3127541604, "to_node_id": 2997308472, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!b2a73028", "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "mesh_packet_id": 2619665601, "rssi": -94, "snr": -1.0, "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 2, "payload_length": 33, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a0458a19fb2120200191a088c291eb8e48263cc220b23e1ffffffffffffffff01", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1773833843, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 228, "tx_after": 0, "timestamp_str": "2026-03-18 11:37:24 UTC", "hop_count": 1, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64)", "to_node_name": "BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO)", "relay_hex": "e4", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 3429073636, "node_name": "The_OWL_Tower", "hex_id": "!cc6382e4", "short_name": "82e4", "last_byte": "e4" } ], "gateway_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "gateway_location": null }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 2409625, "from_node_id": 3127541604, "to_node_id": 2997308472, "timestamp": 1773833844.4381697, "gateway_id": "!b2a73028", "raw_payload": "0a0458a19fb2120200191a088c291eb8e48263cc220b23e1ffffffffffffffff01", "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 2, "from_node_name": "HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64)", "to_node_name": "BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO)", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 2996805976 ], "snr_towards": [ 0.0, 6.25 ], "route_back": [ 3088984460, 3429073636 ], "snr_back": [ 8.75, -7.75 ] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward_with_return", "node_ids": [ 2997308472, 2996805976, 3127541604 ], "node_names": [ "BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO)", "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64)" ], "snr_values": [ 0.0, 6.25 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2997308472, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 3127541604, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64)", "snr": 6.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 2 }, "return_path": { "path_type": "return", "node_ids": [ 3127541604, 3088984460, 3429073636 ], "node_names": [ "HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64)", "HobbyIoT #298C (H2S0)", "The_OWL_Tower (82e4)" ], "snr_values": [ 8.75, -7.75 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3127541604, "to_node_id": 3088984460, "from_node_name": "HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64)", "to_node_name": "HobbyIoT #298C (H2S0)", "snr": 8.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3088984460, "to_node_id": 3429073636, "from_node_name": "HobbyIoT #298C (H2S0)", "to_node_name": "The_OWL_Tower (82e4)", "snr": -7.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 10984.370729756702, "from_location_timestamp": 1773833836.2740328, "to_location_timestamp": 1773167827.2170432, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.0h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.1w ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 2 }, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "combined_rf", "node_ids": [ 2997308472, 2996805976, 3127541604, 3088984460, 3429073636 ], "node_names": [ "BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO)", "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64)", "HobbyIoT #298C (H2S0)", "The_OWL_Tower (82e4)" ], "snr_values": [ 0.0, 6.25, 8.75, -7.75 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2997308472, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 3127541604, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64)", "snr": 6.25, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 3127541604, "to_node_id": 3088984460, "from_node_name": "HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64)", "to_node_name": "HobbyIoT #298C (H2S0)", "snr": 8.75, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 3088984460, "to_node_id": 3429073636, "from_node_name": "HobbyIoT #298C (H2S0)", "to_node_name": "The_OWL_Tower (82e4)", "snr": -7.75, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 10984.370729756702, "from_location_timestamp": 1773833836.2740328, "to_location_timestamp": 1773167827.2170432, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.0h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.1w ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 4 } }, "has_return_path": true, "is_complete": false, "forward_path_display": "BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64)", "return_path_display": "HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64) → HobbyIoT #298C (H2S0) → The_OWL_Tower (82e4)", "actual_rf_path_display": "BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64) → HobbyIoT #298C (H2S0) → The_OWL_Tower (82e4)", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2997308472, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "BSRI72 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏠 (KILO)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 3127541604, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64)", "snr": 6.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "return_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3127541604, "to_node_id": 3088984460, "from_node_name": "HLTK #7F64 (HIoT) (7F64)", "to_node_name": "HobbyIoT #298C (H2S0)", "snr": 8.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3088984460, "to_node_id": 3429073636, "from_node_name": "HobbyIoT #298C (H2S0)", "to_node_name": "The_OWL_Tower (82e4)", "snr": -7.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 10984.370729756702, "from_location_timestamp": 1773833836.2740328, "to_location_timestamp": 1773167827.2170432, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.0h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.1w ago" } ], "total_forward_distance": 0, "total_return_distance": 10984.370729756702 }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!b2a73028", "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 3127541604, "to": 2997308472, "id": 2619665601, "rx_time": 1773833843, "rx_snr": -1.0, "rx_rssi": -94, "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 2, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 228, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 70, "payload": "0a0458a19fb2120200191a088c291eb8e48263cc220b23e1ffffffffffffffff01", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 2996805976 ], "snr_towards": [ 0, 25 ], "route_back": [ 3088984460, 3429073636 ], "snr_back": [ 35, -31 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } } } }
Raw Packet Data (33 bytes)
0a0458a19fb2120200191a088c291eb8e48263cc220b23e1ffffffffffffffff01
Hex Analysis:
Size:33 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-94.0 dBm -1.00 dB 1 e4 82e4 Bulgaria 2026-03-18 11:37:24 UTC Current
Gerena (R+GW) (GERE) +0.031s
After 		-82.0 dBm -3.25 dB 1 e4 82e4 Bulgaria 2026-03-18 11:37:24 UTC View
2

Total Receptions

2

Unique Gateways