Packet #2572062 Success

STORE_FORWARD_APP packet from Pushevo GW (PUGW) to !ffffffff

2
Total Receptions
2
Unique Gateways
0
Hop Count
7
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 2572062
Mesh Packet ID: 0xf13ebb2b
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-03-30 18:16:17 UTC
From Node: Pushevo GW (PUGW)
To Node: !ffffffff (ffff)
Success: Processed
Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP
Port: 65
Gateway: Beekeeper (BK)
Channel: Bulgaria
RSSI: -55 dBm
SNR: 11.5 dBm
Hop Info: 0/2 hops
Start: 2, Limit: 2
Relay Node: fc PUGW
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size: 7 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
{
  "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
  "heartbeat": {
    "period": 900
  },
  "type": "protobuf",
  "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
  "message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}
Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:7 bytes
Gateway:!cb3392f0
Channel:Bulgaria
Payload Type:STORE_FORWARD_APP
Hop Count:Unknown / 2
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Broadcast
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Custom channel: Bulgaria
+ 2 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
+ 1 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

FieldValue
gateway_id !cb3392f0
Node ID format
channel_id Bulgaria
packet MeshPacket (7 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

FieldValueType
from 1770298876
Source node ID 		uint32
to 4294967295 (Broadcast)
Visible to all nodes 		uint32
decoded.portnum 65
STORE_FORWARD_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 7 bytes size
hop_limit 2
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 2
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 0
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -55.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr 11.50 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1774894576
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack False
No ACK requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel Not set uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 252
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp 1774894577.6332865
Unix timestamp 		uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Custom channel: Bulgaria
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
  • ✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Gateway ID: !cb3392f0
Zero Hop Policy: Enabled
Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -55.0 dBm
SNR: 11.50 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size:7 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!cb3392f0", "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 1770298876, "to": 4294967295, "id": 4047420203, "rx_time": 1774894576, "rx_snr": 11.5, "rx_rssi": -55, "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 2, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 252, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 65, "payload": "08022203088407", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" } } } }
Raw Packet Data (7 bytes)
08022203088407
Hex Analysis:
Size:7 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
Beekeeper (BK) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-55.0 dBm 11.50 dB 0 fc PUGW Bulgaria 2026-03-30 18:16:17 UTC Current
Pushevo GW (PUGW) -0.649s
Before 		Unknown Unknown 0 fc PUGW Bulgaria 2026-03-30 18:16:16 UTC View
2

Total Receptions

2

Unique Gateways